天回医简《治六十病和齐汤法》与《神农本草经》药物比较*
作者：罗 琼，刘 昕，李 奇，顾 漫
单位：中国中医科学院中国医史文献研究所，北京 100700
引用：引用：罗琼，刘昕，李奇，顾漫.天回医简《治六十病和齐汤法》与《神农本草经》药物比较[J].中医药导报,2025,31(9):218-221.
DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2025.09.037
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摘要：
统计天回医简《治六十病和齐汤法》（以下简称“《和齐汤法》”）中共有278个药物名称（即文字形式），除7种未详药物，考证计有152种药物。与《神农本草经》（以下简称“《本经》”）进行对比，两书相同药物有100种，比重达65.8%。通过分析《和齐汤法》与《本经》药物记载情况，可发现《和齐汤法》与《五十二病方》比较，《和齐汤法》与《本经》药物相同数量更多，应是《本经》吸收了与之同类的前代成果；《和齐汤法》中动物药名称较《本经》细致复杂，可佐证前人“动物药起源早于植物药”的假说；《和齐汤法》中酒、姜、柴胡等药物使用频率的变化显示了东汉以后常用药物谱系的显著演变；出土文献统计载药600余种，《本经》以“三百六十五”之数限定收载药物的总数，或受到汉代天人感应思想的影响；《和齐汤法》中同物异名现象较为普遍，《本经》可能通过对既有经方的整理，逐步实现了药名的标准化；《和齐汤法》中石膏、乌头、附子等不同于传世典籍的功效，提示早期药效认知的多样性，为重新审视中药功效的源流变化，完善现代临床用药和相关药学理论提供了重要线索。
关键词：《治六十病和齐汤法》；《神农本草经》；天回医简；中药；文献考证
Abstract：
A total of 278 medicine names (in written
form) were counted in Zhi Liushi Bing Heqi Tang Fa (hereinafter referred to as
"Heqi Tang Fa") from Tianhui Bamboo Manuscript. Excluding 7 unknown
medicines, 152 kinds of medicines were verified. Compared with Shennong Bencao
Jing (hereinafter referred to as "Ben Jing"), there were 100 common
medicines between the two books, accounting for 65.8%. By analyzing the records
of medicines in Heqi Tang Fa and Ben Jing, it can be found that compared with
Wushier Bingfang, Heqi Tang Fa has more common medicines with Ben Jing,
indicating that Ben Jing absorbed similar previous achievements. The names of
animal medicines in Heqi Tang Fa are more detailed and complex than those in
Ben Jing, which can support the previous hypothesis that "animal medicines
originated earlier than plant medicines". The changes in the frequency of
use of medicines such as wine, ginger, and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) in Heqi Tang
Fa show a significant evolution of the commonly used medicine spectrum after
the Eastern Han Dynasty. The unearthed literatures record more than 600 kinds
of medicines, while Ben Jing limits the total number of included medicines to
"365", which may be influenced by the thought of correspondence
between man and nature in the Han Dynasty. The phenomenon of synonymy for the
same medicine is common in Heqi Tang Fa, and Ben Jing may have gradually
standardized medicine names through the arrangement of existing classical
prescriptions. The effects of medicines such as Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Wutou
(Aconiti Radix Wutou), and Fuzi (Aconiti Radix Lateralis Praeparata) in Heqi
Tang Fa are different from those in transmitted classical works, suggesting the
diversity of early efficacy cognition, which provides important clues for
re-examining the origin and evolution of tradtional Chinese medicine efficacy,
and improving modern clinical medication and related pharmaceutical theories.
Key words：Zhi Liushi Bing Heqi Tang Fa; Shennong Bencao Jing; Tianhui Bamboo Manuscript; traditional Chinese medicine; literature research
发布时间：2026-01-08
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