北京地区学龄前儿童胃肠积热分布特征及相关因素分析*

作者：李 雪1，谷晓红1,2，马雪颜2，刘丽娜1，姜吉雨1，侯森泷1，张翰文1，李姝璇1，马清浦3，刘铁钢1

单位：1.北京中医药大学中医学院，北京 100029； 2.北京中医药大学中医疫病研究院，北京 100029； 3.北京中医药大学岐黄学院，北京 100029

引用：引用：李雪，谷晓红，马雪颜，刘丽娜，姜吉雨，侯森泷，张翰文，李姝璇，马清浦，刘铁钢.北京地区学龄前儿童胃肠积热分布特征及相关因素分析[J].中医药导报,2025,31(6):130-134.

DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2025.06.022

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摘要：目的：调查北京地区幼儿园儿童胃肠积热的分布特征及家庭因素、饮食结构等因素与胃肠积热的相关性。方法：采用横断面研究设计，以北京地区26所幼儿园在园儿童为研究对象，通过问卷调查收集儿童基本信息、家庭情况、出生情况、饮食结构、运动时间等。通过“儿童胃肠积热自评诊断与评价量表”对胃肠积热进行诊断和程度分级。计算儿童胃肠积热分布情况，采用二元Logistic回归分析其相关因素。结果：共纳入儿童4 549名，其中胃肠积热占比51.88%（2 360/4 549）。多因素回归结果显示，3~5岁儿童、女童、长期居住城镇、主要看护人里包括祖辈、家庭月收入在1万~2万元之间、1岁内使用抗生素、早产儿、非母乳喂养、晚餐时间晚于19:00:00、每周食用烤、炸、煎等食品2次以上、食用零食或甜点多是胃肠积热的危险因素。第二胎、每日室内运动时间超过30 min、食用蔬菜多、食用鱼类多、食用豆制品多是胃肠积热的保护因素。结论：北京地区儿童胃肠积热占比较高，其形成与家庭因素、饮食结构等密切相关，应加强关于胃肠积热的健康科普宣传。

关键词：胃肠积热；北京地区；儿童；学龄前；横断面研究；饮食结构

Abstract：

Objective: To investigate the distribution characteristics of gastrointestinal heat accumulation (GHA) and its associations with family factors and dietary patterns among preschool children in Beijing. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 26 kindergartens in Beijing. Data on children's demographics, family background, birth history, dietary habits, and physical activity were collected through questionnaires. GHA was diagnosed and graded using the "Self-assessment Diagnostic and Evaluation Scale for Children's Gastrointestinal Heat Accumulation". The distribution of GHA was calculated, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze associated factors. Results: Among 4 549 enrolled children, 51.88% (2 360/4 549) had GHA. Multivariate regression revealed that age 3-5 years, female gender, urban residence, grandparental caregiving, monthly household income of 10 000-20 000 RMB, antibiotic use before age 1, preterm birth, non-breastfeeding, dinner after 19:00:00, consuming fried/baked foods ≥2 times/week, and frequent snacking/sweets were risk factors for GHA. Being second-born, daily indoor exercise >30 minutes, and frequent consumption of vegetables, fish, and soy products were protective factors. Conclusion: GHA is prevalent among Beijing preschoolers and significantly associated with family and dietary factors. Health education regarding GHA prevention should be strengthened.

Key words：gastrointestinal heat accumulation; Beijing; children; preschool; cross-sectional study; ietary pattern

发布时间：2026-01-04

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