丹参治疗脑小血管病相关步态障碍的药理学研究进展*

作者：王 夏1，杜 松1，侯唯一1，范佩娟1，金亚妮1，刘燕妮2

单位：1.陕西中医药大学，陕西 咸阳 712046； 2.陕西中医药大学附属医院，陕西 咸阳 712000

引用：引用：王夏，杜松，侯唯一，范佩娟，金亚妮，刘燕妮.丹参治疗脑小血管病相关步态障碍的药理学研究进展[J].中医药导报,2026,32(1):154-160.

DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2026.01.026

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摘要：归纳总结丹参及其活性成分治疗脑小血管病（CSVD）相关步态障碍的药理机制。CSVD是一种缓慢进展的脑部血管疾病，其引起的相关步态障碍严重影响患者的生活质量。丹参作为治疗脑血管疾病的常用药物，具有活血化瘀、清热凉血、除烦安神之功效，可通过多靶点、多途径治疗CSVD引起的步态障碍，延缓步态异常进展。丹参中丹参酮类（丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮）、酚酸类（咖啡酸、阿魏酸、丹酚酸）、丹参素类、黄酮类及多糖类等有效成分具有改善脑部微循环、抗氧化反应、抗炎症反应、保护血管内皮、抗血小板聚集和抑制血栓形成的作用。

关键词：丹参；脑小血管病；步态异常；药理机制；综述

Abstract：

This review summarizes the pharmacological mechanisms by which Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) and its active components treat gait impairment associated with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). CSVD is a slowly progressive cerebrovascular disorder, and related gait disturbances significantly affect patients' quality of life. As a commonly used agent in cerebrovascular diseases, Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) promotes blood circulation, removes blood stasis, clears heat, cools the blood, alleviates irritability, and calms the mind. It acts through multiple targets and pathways to treat CSVD-induced gait impairment and delay the progression of gait abnormalities. Active components such as tanshinones (including tanshinone Ⅰ, tanshinoneⅡA, cryptotanshinone), phenolic acids (such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, salvianolic acids), danshensu, flavonoids, and polysaccharides improve cerebral microcirculation, exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, protect vascular endothelium, inhibit platelet aggregation, and suppress thrombus formation.

Key words：Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza); cerebral small vessel disease; gait abnormality; pharmacological mechanism; review

发布时间：2026-01-30

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