3种脾虚证小鼠模型的建立与评价*

作者：乔大伟1，丁 颖2，江杰雯1，夏 靖3，陈秋峰1，缪 娴1，沈水杰1，童 萍4，卜 平4

单位：1.南通市中医院，江苏 南通 226001； 2.如皋市城北街道社区卫生服务中心，江苏 如皋 226500； 3.扬州市中医院，江苏 扬州 225001； 4.苏北人民医院，江苏 扬州 225001

引用：引用：乔大伟，丁颖，江杰雯，夏靖，陈秋峰，缪娴，沈水杰，童萍，卜平.3种脾虚证小鼠模型的建立与评价[J].中医药导报,2026,32(1):82-86.

DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2026.01.013

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摘要：

目的：评估3种脾虚证小鼠模型的优劣。方法：将72只BALB/c小鼠随机平均分为4组，其中采用生理盐水灌胃为A组，采用生大黄水煎液灌胃为B组，采用利血平皮下注射为C组，采用生大黄灌胃联合利血平皮下注射为D组。比较各组小鼠体质量、肛温、旷场实验（比较造模前后小鼠自发活动）、胸腺指数、脾指数、小肠炭末推进功能，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测各组小鼠血清5-羟色胺（5-HT）、白介素2（IL-2）、白介素6（IL-6）、生长抑素（SS）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、血管活性肠肽（VIP）、胃动素（MTL）及胃泌素（Gastrin）的含量。结果：B、C、D组小鼠体质量、肛温均明显低于A组（P＜0.01）；B、C、D组小鼠活动总路程及平均速度均明显低于A组（P＜0.01），D组小鼠活动总路程及平均速度均低于B、C组（P＜0.01）；B组小鼠小肠炭末推进率明显低于A、C、D组（P＜0.01），C、D组小鼠小肠炭末推进率高于A、B组（P＜0.01），D组小鼠小肠炭末推进率高于A、B、C组（P＜0.01）；B、C、D组小鼠胸腺指数、脾指数均明显低于A组（P＜0.01），C组胸腺指数、脾指数高于B、D组（P＜0.01），B、D组小鼠脾指数、胸腺指数差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；C、D组血清5-HT水平明显低于A、B组（P＜0.01）；B、C、D组小鼠血清IL-2、IL-6、SS、TNF-α水平均明显高于A组（P＜0.01）；C组VIP水平低于A组（P＜0.01），B组VIP水平明显高于A、C、D组（P＜0.01）；C、D组小鼠血清MTL水平高于A组（P＜0.05），B组小鼠血清MTL水平低于A、C、D组（P＜0.01）；B、C、D组小鼠血清Gastrin水平明显低于A组（P＜0.01），D组小鼠血清Gastrin水平低于B、C组（P＜0.01）。结论：3种方法均能构建小鼠脾虚证模型，其中生大黄苦寒泻下法建模更符合脾虚证特点，利血平注射法及生大黄苦寒泻下法联合利血平注射法建模倾向于建立小鼠脾虚肝郁证模型。

关键词：脾虚模型；BALB/c小鼠；生大黄；利血平；血液指标

Abstract：

Objective: To evaluate the pros and cons of three mouse models of spleen deficiency syndrome. Methods: A total of 72 BALB/c mice were randomly and evenly divided into four groups. Group A received intragastric administration of normal saline; Group B received intragastric administration of raw rhubarb decoction; Group C received subcutaneous injection of reserpine; Group D received combined intragastric administration of raw rhubarb decoction and subcutaneous injection of reserpine. Body weight, anal temperature, open field test (comparing spontaneous activity before and after modeling), thymus index, spleen index, and small intestine charcoal propulsion rate were compared among groups. The serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), somatostatin (SS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), motilin (MTL), and gastrin were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The body weight and anal temperature in groups B, C and D were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.01). The total movement distance and average speed in groups B, C and D were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.01), and the total movement distance and average speed in group D were lower than those in groups B and C  (P<0.01). The small intestine charcoal propulsion rate in group B was significantly lower than that in groups A, C and D (P<0.01). The propulsion rate in groups C and D was higher than that in groups A and B (P<0.01), and the rate in group D was higher than that in groups A, B and C (P<0.01). The thymus index and spleen index in groups B, C and D were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.01). The thymus index and spleen index in group C were higher than those in groups B and D (P<0.01), while no significant difference was observed between groups B and D (P>0.05). The serum 5-HT level in groups C and D was significantly lower than that in groups A and B (P<0.01). The serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, SS, and TNF-α in groups B, C and D were significantly higher than those in group A (P<0.01). The VIP level in group C was lower than that in group A (P<0.01), while in group B it was significantly higher than that in groups A, C and D (P<0.01). The serum MTL level in groups C and D was higher than that in group A (P<0.05), while in group B it was lower than that in groups A, C and D (P<0.01). The serum gastrin level in groups B, C and D was significantly lower than that in group A (P<0.01), and the gastrin level in group D was lower than that in groups B and C (P<0.01). Conclusion: All three methods can establish mouse models of spleen deficiency syndrome. Among them, the model established by the bitter-cold purgative method using raw rhubarb more closely aligns with the characteristics of spleen deficiency syndrome. The models established by reserpine injection alone or in combination with raw rhubarb tend to represent a syndrome of spleen deficiency with liver depression.

Key words：spleen deficiency model; BALB/c mice; raw rhubarb; reserpine; blood index

发布时间：2026-01-30

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