据出土医简校读汉唐医书四则*
作者：包伯航1，蔡业峰1，冯惠童2
单位：1.广州中医药大学第二附属医院/广东省中医院，广东 广州 510120； 2.广东省第二中医院黄埔医院，广东 广州 510530
引用：引用：包伯航，蔡业峰，冯惠童.据出土医简校读汉唐医书四则[J].中医药导报,2025,31(8):228-230,236.
DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2025.08.039
PDF：
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摘要：根据新近出土的天回汉简《六十病方》、胡家草场汉简《医方》，对汉唐传世医书中四则存在理解障碍或争议的文句进行了校勘，提出了新的意见，认为：《金匮要略方》葶苈大枣泻肺汤的主治病证“肺痈”应读作“肺壅”；《外台秘要方》尿精丸的赋形剂“牛膝”应为“美漆”或“生漆”之形误；唐代医书中的病名“脾疸”“肺疸”分别系由汉代医简中的“小肠疸”“膏瘅”更名而来，《诸病源候论》中的“体疸”当为“髓疸”之误；《千金翼方》桑根汤的主治证候“日饮一石水”应为“日饮一石成水”之脱文。
关键词：出土医简；《金匮要略方》；《外台秘要方》；《千金翼方》；肺痈；牛膝；文献考证
Abstract：
Based on the recently unearthed Liushi
Bingfang from the Tianhui Han Dynasty bamboo slips and Yifang from the
Hujiachangcao Han Dynasty bamboo slips, this study collated four passages in
extant Han-Tang medical books that have been difficult to understand or
controversial, and put forward new viewpoints. It is proposed that the main
treatment syndrome of "lung abscess" in Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction
(葶苈大枣泻肺汤) in Jinkui Yaolue Fang should be read as "lung
obstruction". The excipient "Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix)
" for Niaojing Pill (尿精丸) in Waitai Miyao Fang is a graphical error for "Meiqi"
(Beautiful Lacquer) or "Shengqi" (Raw Lacquer). The disease names
"Spleen Dan" and "Lung Dan" in Tang Dynasty medical books
were respectively renamed from "Small Intestine Dan" and "Gao
Huang" in Han Dynasty bamboo slips, while "Body Dan" in Zhubing
Yuanhou Lun is an error for "Sui Dan". The main symptom
"drinking one dan of water daily" for Sanggen Decoction (桑根汤) in
Qianjin Yifang is missing text, and the original should be "drinking one
dan daily leading to edema".
Key words：unearthed medical bamboo slips; Jinkui Yaolue Fang; Waitai Miyao Fang; Qianjin Yifang; lung abscess; Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix); textual research
发布时间：2026-01-07
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