藏药烈香杜鹃化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进展*

作者：周吉卓玛1，李来明1，王晓玲1，吉先才让2，尕藏措3，更藏加1

单位：1.西南民族大学，四川 成都 610041； 2.藏药新药开发国家重点实验室，青海 西宁 810016； 3.青海省藏医院，青海 西宁 810007

引用：引用：周吉卓玛，李来明，王晓玲，吉先才让，尕藏措，更藏加.藏药烈香杜鹃化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进展[J].中医药导报,2025,31(8):100-107.

DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2025.08.016

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摘要：总结近十年来烈香杜鹃（Rhododendron anthopogonoides Maxim.）的活性成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进展，为其资源开发及现代化应用提供参考。烈香杜鹃是传统藏药“达里”的重要基原植物，其化学成分主要包括黄酮类（如槲皮素、山柰酚）、挥发油（含4-苯基-2-丁酮等成分）、萜类及酚酸类化合物，其中黄酮类化合物和挥发油是其主要活性成分。药理学研究表明，烈香杜鹃具有抗炎、抗氧化、镇咳祛痰、免疫调节、心血管保护及抗病原微生物等多重作用，作用机制涉及NF-κB、MAPK等炎症信号通路及Nrf2/HO-1等氧化应激途径的调控。临床研究显示，烈香杜鹃制剂在治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病、支气管哮喘、心血管疾病及高原性疾病中展现出独特疗效，尤其与红景天等藏药配伍时具有协同增效作用。

关键词：烈香杜鹃；药理作用；临床应用；慢性支气管炎

Abstract：

This review synthesizes research progress over the past decade regarding bioactive constituents, pharmacological properties, and clinical applications of Liexiang Dujuan (Rhododendron anthopogonoides Maxim.) inform its resource development and modern utilization. As the primary botanical source of the traditional Tibetan drug "Dali" (达里), its chemical profile predominantly includes flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol), volatile oils (containing 4-phenyl-2-butanone), terpenoids, and phenolic acids, with flavonoids and volatile oils constituting the principal bioactive components. Pharmacological studies demonstrate multi-target effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitussive/expectorant, immunomodulatory, cardiovascular protective, and antimicrobial activities. The mechanisms involve modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, MAPK) and oxidative stress responses (e.g., Nrf2/HO-1 axis). Clinical evidence indicates distinctive therapeutic efficacy of R. anthopogonoides preparations in managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma, cardiovascular disorders, and altitude-related illnesses, particularly demonstrating synergistic effects when combined with other Tibetan herbs such as Hongjingtian (Rhodiola rosea L.).

Key words：Rhododendron anthopogonoides Maxim.; pharmacological effects; clinical applications; chronic bronchitis

发布时间：2026-01-06

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