基于多指标成分定量、化学计量学及加权TOPSIS模型的不同产地乌梅质量差异评价*
作者：黄爱苹1，张 双2，魏谭军1，陈 飞1，唐启荣1，魏 旭1，王春龙1
单位：1.达州市中西医结合医院/达州市第二人民医院，四川 达州 635000； 2.达州市食品药品检验所，四川 达州 635000
引用：引用：黄爱苹，张双，魏谭军，陈飞，唐启荣，魏旭，王春龙.基于多指标成分定量、化学计量学及加权TOPSIS模型的不同产地乌梅质量差异评价[J].中医药导报,2025,31(7):51-56,90.
DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2025.07.008
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摘要：
目的：比较不同产地乌梅中多指标含量，构建化学计量学及加权逼近理想排序（TOPSIS）法质量差异评估体系。方法：采集18批乌梅样品，采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法检测乌梅中没食子酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、槲皮素、山柰酚、苹果酸、枸橼酸、齐墩果酸、熊果酸、β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇的含量，同时检测水溶性浸出物、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分的含量，并以15个指标检测数据，采用化学计量学筛选并确认乌梅的质量差异标志物。基于各指标的变量重要性投影（VIP）值为权重，采用加权TOPSIS法对不同产地乌梅的质量进行排序。结果：没食子酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、槲皮素、山柰酚、苹果酸、枸橼酸、齐墩果酸、熊果酸、β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇的含量分别为7.056~12.115、0.209~0.425、3.457~6.823、4.832~8.102、1.180~2.025、1.366~3.997、25.416~50.163、231.643~388.386、0.599~1.025、3.846~10.311、0.306~0.746、0.293~0.625 mg/g，水溶性浸出物、总灰分和酸不溶性灰分的质量分数分别为23.066%~36.739%、1.447%~5.601%、0.107%~0.628%，15个指标含量差异均较大。主成分分析提取出2个主成分，累积方差贡献率为88.68%；筛选出枸橼酸、苹果酸、β-谷甾醇、没食子酸和熊果酸为乌梅的质量差异标志物。加权TOPSIS法评估结果显示产自四川、贵州和云南的乌梅质量最优。结论：建立的多指标成分定量、化学计量学及加权TOPSIS模型可用于不同产地乌梅质量差异评价。
关键词：乌梅；高效液相色谱法；化学计量学；加权TOPSIS法；质量差异评价
Abstract：Objective: To compare the multi-component contents of
Wumei (mume fructus) from different producing areas and establish a quality
evaluation system integrating chemometrics and weighted technique for order
preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Methods: Totally 18
batches of Wumei (mume fructus) were collected. The contents of gallic acid,
chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, malic
acid, citric acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol
were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally,
water-soluble extracts, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash were measured. The 15
indicators were analyzed using chemometric methods to identify quality markers.
Weighted TOPSIS was applied for quality ranking with variable importance in
projection (VIP) values as weights. Results: The contents of gallic acid,
chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, malic
acid, citric acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol
were 7.056-12.115 mg/g, 0.209-0.425 mg/g, 3.457-6.823 mg/g, 4.832-8.102 mg/g,
1.180-2.025 mg/g, 1.366-3.997 mg/g, 25.416-50.163 mg/g, 231.643-388.386 mg/g,
0.599-1.025 mg/g, 3.846-10.311 mg/g, 0.306-0.746 mg/g, and 0.293-0.625 mg/g,
respectively. Water-soluble extracts, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash
accounted for 23.066%-36.739%, 1.447%-5.601%, and 0.107%-0.628%, respectively.
There were significant differences in the content of 15 indicators. Principal
component analysis extracted two components, with cumulative variance
contribution of 88.68%, identifying citric acid, malic acid, β-sitosterol,
gallic acid and ursolic acid as key quality markers. Weighted TOPSIS ranked
Wumei (mume fructus) from Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan as superior. Conclusion:
The integrated method combining multi-component quantification, chemometrics,
and weighted TOPSIS can be used for evaluating the quality of Wumei (mume
fructus) from different producing areas.
Key words：Wumei (mume fructus); high-performance liquid chromatography; chemometrics; weighted TOPSIS; quality evaluation
发布时间：2026-01-06
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