小青龙汤对哮喘小鼠肠道菌群的影响*

作者：虞雅颖1，杨一民2，焦秋蓥1，阙雪云3，邱丹丹2，李 蕙2

单位：1.北京中医药大学第一临床医学院，北京 100029； 2.北京中医药大学厦门医院，福建 厦门 361000； 3.福建中医药大学，福建 福州 350122

引用：引用：虞雅颖，杨一民，焦秋蓥，阙雪云，邱丹丹，李蕙.小青龙汤对哮喘小鼠肠道菌群的影响[J].中医药导报,2025,31(6):73-80,100.

DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2025.06.013

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摘要：

目的：探究小青龙汤对哮喘小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法：将24只BALB/c雌性小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、小青龙汤组、地塞米松组，每组6只。采用卵清蛋白建立哮喘小鼠模型，各组小鼠灌服相应药物。观察记录小鼠体质量、引喘潜伏期和典型哮喘发作症状，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清IgE水平，HE染色观察肺组织病理改变，采用16SrDNA测序检测肠道菌群多样性、结构差异等变化情况。结果：小青龙汤组小鼠体质量高于模型组（P＜0.05），引喘潜伏期长于模型组（P＜0.05），症状评分及血清IgE水平均低于模型组（P＜0.05）。与模型组比较，小青龙汤组与地塞米松组小鼠肺部炎症细胞浸润、气道上皮完整情况明显改善。小青龙汤组与地塞米松组小鼠Shannon指数、Simpson指数高于模型组（P＜0.05）；模型组与对照组样本距离远，菌群构成存在明显差异；小青龙汤组、地塞米松组与对照组样本距离较近，其群落差异较小；小青龙汤组小鼠拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、蓝细菌门丰度低于模型组（P＜0.05），厚壁菌门、髌骨菌门、放线菌门、脱硫杆菌门、脱铁杆菌门丰度高于模型组（P＜0.05）；小青龙汤组小鼠毛螺菌科、理研菌科、糖单胞菌科、颤螺菌科、拟杆菌科、瘤胃球菌科丰度高于模型组（P＜0.05），鼠杆菌科、阿克曼氏菌科、普雷沃氏菌科丰度低于模型组（P＜0.05）；小青龙汤组小鼠阿克曼氏菌属、普雷沃氏菌科_UCG-001、图里奇菌属、鼠杆菌属丰度低于模型组（P＜0.05），另枝菌属、毛螺菌科_NK4A136群、Candidatus_Saccharimonas、拟杆菌属、Monoglobus丰度高于模型组（P＜0.05）。小青龙汤组小鼠的差异菌群为另枝菌属、理研菌科、毛螺菌科_NK4A136群、颤螺菌科。厚壁菌门、乳杆菌科、乳杆菌属与血清IgE水平呈高度负相关；髌骨菌门、理研菌科、糖单胞菌科、Candidatus_Saccharimonas与血清IgE水平呈中度负相关；拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、鼠杆菌科、阿克曼氏菌科、普雷沃氏菌科、阿克曼氏菌属、普雷沃氏菌科_UCG_001属与血清IgE水平呈中度正相关。结论：小青龙汤能显著改善哮喘小鼠气道炎症，调节哮喘小鼠肠道菌群的结构、丰度及多样性，重塑肠道微生态平衡。

关键词：哮喘；小青龙汤；肠道菌群；16SrDNA测序；小鼠

Abstract：

Objective:To investigate the effect of Xiaoqinglong decoction on intestinal flora in asthmatic mice. Methods: Totally 24 BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into  control group, model group, Xiaoqinglong decoction group and dexamethasone group. Asthmatic mouse models were established using ovalbumin, and mice in each group were intragastrically administered corresponding drugs. Body weight, asthma induction latency, and typical asthma attack symptoms were observed and recorded. Serum IgE levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pathological changes in lung tissues were observed by HE staining. Intestinal flora was detected with 16SrDNA sequencing to explore changes in diversity and structural differences of intestinal flora. Results: Xiaoqinglong decoction group showed higher body weight than model group (P＜0.05), longer asthma induction latency than model group (P＜0.05), while lower asthma symptom scores and serum IgE levels  than model group (P＜0.05). Compared to model group, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the integrity of airway epithelium in the lungs were significantly improved in Xiaoqinglong decoction group and dexamethasone group. Xiaoqinglong decoction group and dexamethasone group showed higher Shannon and Simpson indices than model group (P＜0.05). Model group was distant from control group, with significant differences in microbial composition, while Xiaoqinglong decoction group and dexamethasone group were closer to control group in distance, showing smaller community differences. Xiaoqinglong decoction group showed lower abundances of Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Cyanobacteria than model group (P＜0.05), while higher abundances of Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Actinobacteriota, Desulfobacterota, and Deferribacterota than model group (P＜0.05). Xiaoqinglong decoction group showed higher abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, Saccharomonadaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Ruminococcaceae than model group (P＜0.05), while lower abundances of Muribaculaceae, Akkermansiaceae, and Prevotellaceae than model group (P＜0.05). Xiaoqinglong decoction group showed lower abundances of Akkermansia, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Turicibacter, and Muribaculum than model group (P＜0.05), while higher abundances of Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Bacteroides, and Monoglobus than model group (P＜0.05). The dominant microbiota in Xiaoqinglong decoction group were Alistipes, Rikenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae_

NK4A136_group, and Oscillospiraceae. Firmicutes, Lactobacillaceae, and Lactobacillus showed a high negative correlation with serum IgE level. Patescibacteria, Rikenellaceae, Saccharomonadaceae, and Candidatus_Saccharimonas exhibited a moderate negative correlation with serum IgE level, while Bacteroidota,Verrucomicrobiota, Muribaculaceae, Akkermansiaceae, Prevotellaceae, Akkermansia, and Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 displayed a moderate positive correlation with serum IgE level. Conclusion: Xiaoqinglong decoction can improve airway inflammation, regulate the structure, abundance and diversity of intestinal flora, and remodel intestinal microecological balance in asthmatic mice.

Key words：asthma; Xiaoqinglong decoction; intestinal flora; 16S rDNA sequencing; mouse

发布时间：2026-01-03

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