三才之道视域下早期本草君臣佐使药的分类与配伍原则*

作者：李亚飞1，杨 丽2

单位：1.中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所，北京 100700； 2.北京中医药大学国学院，北京 100105

引用：引用：李亚飞，杨丽.三才之道视域下早期本草君臣佐使药的分类与配伍原则[J].中医药导报,2025,31(2):204-209.

DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.20250103.001

PDF： 下载PDF

摘要：易学的三才之道，主导建构以《神农本草经》为代表的早期本草学君臣佐使药的分类与配伍法则。本草学继承先秦以来易学三才之道的德用、价值观及其体现的社会政治秩序，法象乾坤的卦象与义理，推动本草分类与配伍原则的生成、发展与演变。本草学的君臣佐使，存在尤重“养生”的分类与配伍和更重“治病”的配伍两种模式，前者更能体现三才之道的本体视域。本草学君臣佐使的理念影响了《神农本草经》《汤液经法》之后的医家，积极推动本草学分类与配伍理论的建构与完善。尽管本草学配伍原则与方法发生嬗变，但不变的是医易三才之道追求“合和”与“生生”的价值理念。

关键词：三才之道；本草分类；本草配伍；乾卦；坤卦；《神农本草经》

Abstract：

The Three Talents Theory of Yi Xue dominates the construction of the classification and compatibility rules of the early herbal medicine with the rank of Jun, Chen, and Zuoshi represented by the Shennong Bencao Jing. The theory of herbal medicine inherits the moral use, values and social political order represented by the Three Talents Theory of the Pre-Qin period, as well as the hexagram images and principles of the Fangxiang Qiankun, driving the generation, development and evolution of the classification and compatibility principles of herbal medicine. There are two modes of classification and compatibility in herbal medicine with the rank of Jun, Chen, and Zuoshi, namely the one that places great emphasis on "preserving life" and the one that places greater emphasis on "treating diseases". The former is more in line with the ontological perspective of the Three Talents Theory. The concept of the herbal medicine's Jun, Chen, and Zuoshi has influenced the medical practitioners since the Shennong Bencao Jing and the Tangyin Jing, actively promoting the construction and improvement of the theory of classification and compatibility of herbal medicine. Although the rules and methods of herbal medicine compatibility have undergone transformation, the unchanging value concept pursued by the medical and the Three Talents Theory of Yi Xue is the pursuit of "harmony" and "vitality".

Key words：Three Talents Theory; herbal classification; herbal compatibility; divinatory symbols of the Qian; divinatory symbols of the Kun; Shennong Bencao Jing

发布时间：2025-12-14

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