齐墩果烷型三萜皂苷生物合成及关键细胞色素P450基因研究进展*
作者：尹雨晴1，敖志杰1，周新茹2，李旭东1，罗斯成1，梁海雪1，刘湘丹1,3,4,5
单位：1.湖南中医药大学药学院，湖南 长沙 410208； 2.湖南九典制药股份有限公司，湖南 长沙 410000； 3.湘产大宗道地药材种质资源及规范化种植重点研究室，湖南 长沙 410208； 4.湖南省普通高等学校中药现代化研究重点实验室，湖南 长沙 410208； 5.湖南省中药饮片标准化及功能工程技术研究中心，湖南 长沙 410208
引用：引用：尹雨晴，敖志杰，周新茹，李旭东，罗斯成，梁海雪，刘湘丹.齐墩果烷型三萜皂苷生物合成及关键细胞色素P450基因研究进展[J].中医药导报,2025,31(2):112-119.
DOI：10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2025.02.021
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摘要：齐墩果烷型三萜皂苷是多种药用植物的有效成分，药理作用丰富，市场需求量大。齐墩果烷型三萜皂苷生物合成量少，不足以满足市场需求，异源合成为其提供了新思路。齐墩果烷型三萜皂苷生物合成途径分3个阶段，即积累前体、合成骨架、皂苷合成。其中细胞色素P450（CYP450）为皂苷合成过程中关键的下游修饰基因，可影响底物转化、中间代谢产物生成、合成速率及产量。综述近年来齐墩果烷型三萜皂苷异源合成及生物合成途径关键CYP450基因的最新研究进展，探讨其研究意义及存在的问题，发现其异源合成存在基因表达调控不明确、代谢途径多样、工业化生产难度大等挑战，未来可通过优化宿主细胞代谢途径，提高目标产物合成效率，以实现齐墩果烷型三萜皂苷的高效生产。
关键词：齐墩果烷型三萜皂苷；细胞色素P450；萜类合成关键基因；异源合成；综述
Abstract：
Oleanolic alkane-type triterpenoid saponins are the active ingredients of a variety of medicinal plants with rich pharmacological effects and high market demand. However, the biosynthesis of oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins is insufficient to meet the market demand, and heterologous synthesis provides a new idea. It was found that the biosynthetic pathway of oleanolic alkane-type triterpenoid saponins is divided into three stages, the first and second stages of accumulation of precursors and synthesis of skeleton, and the third stage of saponin synthesis, in which cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is the key downstream modification gene in the process of saponin synthesis, which affects the conversion of the substrate, intermediate metabolite generation, synthesis rate and yield. This paper reviewed the latest research progress of the key CYP450 genes in the heterologous synthesis and biosynthesis pathway of oleanane triterpenoid saponins in recent years, and discusses its research significance and existing problems. It is found that the heterologous synthesis has the challenges of unclear gene expression regulation, diverse metabolic pathways and difficult industrial production. In the future, the efficient production of oleanane triterpenoid saponins can be achieved by optimizing the metabolic pathway of host cells and improving the synthesis efficiency of target products.
Key words：oleanolic triterpenoid saponins; cytochrome P450; key genes involved synthesis of saponins; heterologous synthesis; review
发布时间：2025-12-08
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